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Entonem can be used for biological control of various pests in protected crops and urban green. It is effective at low temperatures, thus can also be applied in colder parts of the season.
- Fly larvae (Diptera): Sciarid flies (Lycoriella spp., Bradysia spp.); Shore flies (Scatella spp.); Leaf miners (Liriomyza spp.)
- Thrips (Thysanoptera) pupae and larvae: a.o. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis)
- Weevil larvae (Coleoptera): Black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus); Other weevils (Otiorhynchus spp.)
- Caterpillars (Lepidoptera): Tomato leaf miner moth (Tuta absoluta); Oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea); Common swift moth (Korscheltellus lupulina); Noctuidae: Armyworms (Spodoptera spp.); Cotton bollworm (Spodoptera littoralis); Corn earworm (Helicoverpa spp.); Tomato looper (Chrysodeixis chalcites); cutworms (Agrotis spp.); Silver-Y moth (Autographa gamma)
- Bugs (Hemiptera): Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata)
The nematodes enter the pest and release symbiotic bacteria into the pest’s body cavity. These bacteria convert the host tissue into a food source, on which nematodes feed, develop, and reproduce inside the host. This kills the pest within a few hours to days after infection.
Infected pest insects in the root zone turn yellow to brown but may be difficult to find, due to rapid degradation. Infected foliar pests simply fall to the ground.
How to use:
- Remove the sachets from the box and keep them at room temperature for 30 minutes
- Empty the contents of the sachets into a bucket containing at least 2 litres of water per sachet (water temperature: 15-20°C/59-68°F)
- Stir well and leave the contents to soak for five minutes
- Stir again and pour the contents of the bucket into the half-filled spray tank (except when tank mixing with a compatible product)
- Maintain agitation of mixture in the tank (e.g. with a recirculation pump)
- Fill the spray tank with the required amount of water
- If tank mixing with a compatible product, add Entonem at the end to a fully filled tank
- Apply directly after preparation of spray solution
Application
- Nematodes can be applied using a watering can, an airblast sprayer, through a sprinkler system, with a backpack sprayer, or a vehicle-mounted spray unit
- To avoid blockage, all filters should be removed, especially if finer than 0.3 mm (50 mesh)
- Use a maximum pressure of 20 bar/290 psi (on nozzle)
- The spray nozzle opening should be at least 0.5 mm (500 microns – 35 mesh) – preferably high flow rate cone nozzle types
- Continuous mixing should take place to prevent nematodes sinking to the bottom of the spray tank
- Avoid sprayers equipped with centrifugal or piston pumps
- Water tank temperature must not exceed 25°C/77°F and pH must be between 4 and 8
- Distribute the spraying solution evenly over the soil/medium surface
Dosage
Entonem is typically applied at a rate of 250,000 to 500,000 nematodes per m² for soil application and 1 to 3 million nematodes per litre for foliar applications (application to run off). Always check the product label for more information.
Environmental conditions
- Steinernema feltiae performs best at temperatures between 14-26°C/57-79°F
- Soil or air temperature below 5°C/41°F and above 35°C/95°F can be lethal
- Nematodes are susceptible to ultraviolet light (UV): do not use them in direct sunlight
- The moisture content of the soil must be kept high for several days after application. When possible, irrigate the crop before and right after application
- For foliar application, spray Entonem when relative humidity will exceed 75% for several hours after the treatment
- Adding an adjuvant and/or an anti-desiccant/humectant can be beneficial. Ask your Koppert representative/distributor for more information
- Spray in the evening (or morning in some cases) allowing nematodes to work for several hours within the optimal range of temperature and humidity, as described above
Great combatant for fungus gnats
As they come in a gel they do need to be applied by spraying them onto the plant and/or substrate.
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